Abstract. This systematic literature review investigates advancements in intelligent computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) integration and toolpath generation, analyzing their evolution across Industry 4.0 and emerging Industry 5.0 paradigms.

Using the theory–context–characteristics–methodology framework, the study synthesizes 51 peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2025 to map theoretical foundations, industrial applications, technical innovations, and methodological trends. Findings reveal that artificial intelligence and machine learning dominate research, driving breakthroughs in feature recognition, adaptive toolpath optimization, and predictive maintenance. Human-centric frameworks central to Industry 5.0, such as socio-technical collaboration, remain underexplored.

AI-driven automation and STEP-NC standards show promise, yet interoperability gaps persist due to fragmented data models and legacy systems. The review highlights the need for standardized data exchange protocols, scalable solutions for SMEs, and human–AI collaboration models to align CAD–CAM integration with Industry 5.0’s sustainability and resilience goals.